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The white-backed woodpecker (''Dendrocopos leucotos'') is a Eurasian woodpecker belonging to the genus ''Dendrocopos''. It is the largest of the spotted woodpeckers in the western Palearctic, 24–26 cm long with wing-span 38–40 cm and has plumage similar to the great spotted woodpecker, but with white bars across the wings rather than spots, and a white lower back. The male has a red crown, the female a black one. The nominate race ''D. l. leucotos'' occurs in central and northern Europe, with the race ''D. l. lilfordi'' found in the Balkans and Turkey. Ten further races occur in the region eastwards as far as Korea and Japan. It is a scarce bird, requiring large tracts of mature deciduous forests with high amounts of standing and laying dead wood. Numbers have decreased in Nordic countries. In Sweden, its population decline has caused the Swedish government to enact protection for the species in the national Biodiversity Action Plan.〔''National Biodiversity Action Plan of Sweden'', Upsala (1999)〕 In the breeding season it excavates a nest hole about 7 cm wide and 30 cm deep in a decaying tree trunk. It lays three to five white eggs and incubates for 10–11 days. It lives predominantly on wood-boring beetles as well as their larvae, as well as other insects, nuts, seeds and berries. Drumming by males is very loud, calls include a soft ''kiuk'' and a longer ''kweek''. ==Subspecies== There are twelve recognised subspecies. * ''D. l. leucotos'' (Bechstein, 1802), the nominate subspecies, widespread across Eurasia from north, central and eastern Europe to northeast Asia, Korea and Sakhalin. * ''D. l. lilfordi'' (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) Pyrenees to Asia Minor, Caucasus and Transcaucasia. * ''D. l. tangi'' (Cheng, 1956) Sichuan province, western China. * ''D. l. subcirris'' (Stejneger, 1886) Hokkaido, northern Japan. * ''D. l. stejnegeri'' (Kuroda, 1921) northern Honshū, Japan. * ''D. l. namiyei'' (Stejneger, 1886) south Honshū, Kyushu, Shikoku, Japan, and Cheju-do island, Korea * ''D. l. takahashii'' (Kuroda & Mori, 1920) Ullung Island (off eastern Korea). * ''D. l. owstoni'' (Ogawa, 1905) Amami-O-Shima Island in the northern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. * ''D. l. fohkiensis'' (Buturlin, 1908) mountains of Fujian province, southeast China. * ''D. l. insularis'' (Gould, 1863) Taiwan. * ''D. l. quelpartensis'' (Kuroda & Mori, 1918). * ''D. l. uralensis'' (Malherbe, 1860). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「White-backed woodpecker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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